Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) Test
Prostate-specific antigen
(PSA) is a protein made by the prostate. The prostate is a walnut-sized gland in men that makes fluid for semen.
Most PSA is released into semen. Some of it is released into the blood. The PSA level in the blood can become elevated if there is disease of the prostate.
Anatomy of the Prostate
Copyright © Nucleus Medical Media, Inc.
The PSA test is used to:
- Monitor treatment effectiveness for prostate cancer
- Help determine if cancer has returned in men who have already been treated for prostate cancer
-
Test for other conditions, like
prostatitis
or
benign prostatic hyperplasia
The PSA test may also be used as a screening tool for
prostate cancer. However, this use is controversial. Talk to your doctor about the risks and benefits of the PSA test, and your personal risk factors for prostate cancer.
There are no major complications associated with this test.
Prior to Test
- Ejaculation may cause PSA levels to rise. Ask your doctor whether you should avoid sexual activity for 24 hours before testing.
-
Some procedures can elevate PSA levels. Schedule your PSA test several weeks after any of these:
- Wait several weeks after successful treatment of prostate infections.
- Some medications can lower PSA levels. Talk to your doctor about any medications, herbs, or supplements you take.
Description of Test
You will be asked to sit. An area inside your elbow will be cleaned with an antiseptic wipe. A large band will be tied around your arm. The needle will then be inserted into a vein. A tube will collect the blood from the needle. The band on your arm will be removed. Once all the blood is collected, the needle will be removed. Some gauze will be placed over the site to help stop bleeding. You may also be given a bandage to place over the site.
After Test
After the blood sample is collected, you may need to stay seated for 10-15 minutes. If you are lightheaded, you may need to stay seated longer. Once you feel better, you can leave.
How Long Will It Take?
The process takes about 5-10 minutes.
Will It Hurt?
It may be uncomfortable when the needle pierces your skin.
Results
The results are usually available in a few days to a week. Your doctor will talk to you about your results.
If your PSA level is slightly elevated, but there are no other reasons to suspect prostate cancer, your doctor may recommend closely following your PSA levels.
If your PSA level is too high, has risen significantly, or the doctor notices a prostate lump during a digital rectal exam, you will probably need to schedule other tests, such as a prostate biopsy.
After the test, call your doctor if any of the following occur:
- Bleeding from the puncture site
- Red, swollen, or painful puncture site
- If you have not heard from your doctor in 1-2 weeks
Last Reviewed: March 2018
EBSCO Medical Review Board
Alan Drabkin, MD
Updated: 4/29/2014
Published by EBSCO Publishing. This content is reviewed regularly and is updated when new and relevant evidence is made available. This information is neither intended nor implied to be a substitute for professional medical advice. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider prior to starting any new treatment or with questions regarding a medical condition.