Structure and function of the cytoskeleton; adhesion mechanisms between cells and the extracellular matrix; endocytosis and exocytosis; the communication between cells in multicellular organisms (endocrine, paracrine and autocrine regulation); signal transduction and the central role played by protein kinases; cell cycle and its genetic control; apoptosis; mitosis and meiosis; crossing-over and genetic consequences; Cell differentiation: embrional and adult stem cells; Variability and inheritance; phenotype and genotype; Diploidy and sex: homologous chromosomes, alleles and loci, homozygosity and heterozygosity- Wild-type and mutated alleles, multiple alleles, dominance and recessivity; Mendel's laws exceptions: penetrance and expressivity; Sex determination; and implications for X chromosome inactivation in the manifestation of syndromes and genetic diseases; principles and consequences of genomic imprinting and mitochondrial inheritance; multifactorial inheritance; cancer genetics: genes that contribute to the onset of cancer (Rb1, p53, and WT1); the immunogenetics and the generation of antibody diversity; pedigree analysis.