The course is structured as an integrated sequence of introductory theoretical sessions, guided discussion of simplified clinical cases, and hands-on simulation-based activities. These components are designed to support the acquisition of core knowledge, fundamental technical skills, and interprofessional and relational competencies.

Theoretical and Conceptual Introduction
The course begins with a conceptual introduction aimed at providing the cultural and professional framework within which the selected procedures are situated. The importance of basic nursing care as a foundation of the clinical pathway is highlighted, with particular attention to the role of the nurse as a professional responsible for the planning and implementation of such interventions.

The following elements are addressed:

• General principles of asepsis, patient safety, and clinical risk management in relation to invasive procedures;
• Relevant anatomical, pathophysiological, and nursing care elements essential for understanding the procedures;
• Decision-making processes guiding the indication, preparation, and execution of the procedures;
• The significance of nurse–physician collaboration in contemporary care settings, with emphasis on the educational dimension within the academic training of healthcare professionals.
• Discussion of Clinical and Nursing Care Scenarios

Based on brief and realistic clinical cases, students are guided to:

• Identify the patient’s clinical and care needs and justify the appropriateness of the procedure;
• Analyze risk factors and patient conditions that may influence the execution of the technique;
• Recognize the professional roles involved and understand how nurses and physicians collaborate in managing the case;

Reflect on effective communication strategies with both patients and healthcare team members during the preparatory, execution, and post-procedural phases.

This section fosters the development of clinical reasoning and decision-making within an interprofessional and participatory framework.

Simulation-Based Technical Skills Training
The technical procedures are explored through demonstration, guided practice, and supervised discussion within a simulation environment. The procedures addressed include:

• Venous blood sampling and peripheral intravenous cannulation
• Arterial blood sampling from the radial artery
• Insertion of indwelling urinary catheters (via penile and vulvar routes)
• Administration of injectable medications via intramuscular route (specifically in the ventrogluteal site) and subcutaneous route

During the simulation sessions:

• Students observe and replicate the essential phases of each procedure;
• They are guided in applying safety standards, hygiene protocols, and patient comfort management;
• They receive structured feedback from expert tutors and nursing students acting as peer educators, in order to promote collaboration, peer learning, and interprofessional engagement.

This method supports not only the acquisition of basic technical and procedural skills, but also the development of professional attitudes based on mutual respect, patient-centeredness, and shared responsibility in care delivery.

Reflective Debriefing and Final Discussion
The course concludes with a structured debriefing session aimed at:

• Consolidating the learning outcomes at the cognitive, technical, and relational levels;
• Encouraging self-assessment and identification of personal strengths and areas for improvement;
• Highlighting the added value of interprofessional experiences and peer interaction as key strategies for enhancing professional development and preparing for collaborative clinical practice.