GENETICS – Human reproduction – Genetic variability – Inheritance – Genes: genotype and phenotype – Diploidy and reproduction. Honologous chromosomes, alleles and loci, homozygosity and heterozygosity – Mendel's laws – Alleles: wild-type, mutated and multiple ones, dominance and recessivity – Mendel's law's implementation: epistasis, penetrance and expressivity – Sex chromosomes. Sex determination – How to build and analyze a family tree – Chromosome X inactivation. Its implication in the phenotipic manifestations of genetic diseases – Test cross and inheritance of  genes localized on  different chromosomes – Crossing over and its genetic consequences – Recombination frequencies calculation and genetic maps – Principles and consequences of mytochondial inheritance and genomic imprinting – Examples of monogenic inheritance: blood groups (AB0, Rh), color blindness – Multigenic inheritance and quantitative genetics – Characters showing a treshold effect – Multifactorial disorders – Population genetics and Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.   CYTOGENETICS – Methods for chromosome analysis – Normal human caryotype – Chromosomic and genomic mutations and their effect on meiosis and phenotype – Deletions, inversions, duplications, translocations and non-disjunctions – Down's, Turner's and Klinefelter's syndrome – Chromosomal mutations and leukemia: Philadelphia chromosome and Burkitt's lymphoma – Germinal and somatic mutations, mosaicism. MOLECULAR GENETICS: Relationship between DNA content and organism complexity – DNA assembly in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells – Structural differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic genes – Genome organization in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Characteristics of human genome – Gene mutations: development mechanisms – Mutation consequences on gene products – Examples of autosomic domint and recessive mutations, as well as X-linked ones – Mytochondrial gene mutations – Genomic instability - DNA plymorphisms and their use as genetic markers –  - Elements of developmental biology – Immunogenetics. Generation of antibody diversity - The human genome project: future implications