The course will examine the relationship between international law and pluralism from two distinct perspectives: structural and substantive. 

On the structural side, the question will be asked what impact pluralism has had on the diversification and expansion of international law, phenomena that have characterised in particular the era of globalisation. In this regard, special attention will be devoted to the phenomenon of fragmentation of the international legal order, from the normative, value, institutional and jurisdictional points of view. 

From the substantive point of view, on the other hand, attention will be focused in particular on the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights, in order to verify how the European norms on the protection of human rights have been able to accommodate the pluralism that characterises modern societies in terms of religion, education, mass media and politics.