Marco Grasso
Part I – Geopolitics of deep oceans and environmental justice
Study material
Hannigan, J. (2016). The Geopolitics of Deep Oceans. Cambridge, UK: Polity Press
Scientific articles and policy briefs pointed indicated below. They are all accessible from within the campus; for accessing them from outside the campus see here:
https://www.biblio.unimib.it/it/risorse/accesso-alle-risorse-remoto

The tragedy of the commons
Hardin, G. (1968). The tragedy of the commons. Science, 162(3859), 1243-1248.
Breitburg, D., Levin, L. A., Oschlies, A., Grégoire, M., Chavez, F. P., Conley, D. J., ... & Jacinto, G. S. (2018). Declining oxygen in the global ocean and coastal waters. Science, 359(6371).
See also, The Atlantic, ‘A Foreboding Similarity in Today’s Oceans and a 94-Million-Year-Old Catastrophe’,
[https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2018/01/suffocating-oceans/550415/]

Harvesting the Commons: the Oceanic frontier and the devolution of the seas
Hanningan (2016): Introduction and Chapter 1
Van Dover, C. L. (2011). Tighten regulations on deep-sea mining. Nature, 470(7332), 31-33.
Sielen, A. B. (2013). The devolution of the seas: the consequences of oceanic destruction. Foreign Affairs, 92(6), 124-132.
Diaz, R. J., and Rosenberg, R. (2008). Spreading dead zones and consequences for marine ecosystems. Science, 321(5891), 926-929.

Deep oceans: potential and problems
Thurber, A. R., Sweetman, A. K., Narayanaswamy, B. E., Jones, D. O. B., Ingels, J., & Hansman, R. L. (2014). Ecosystem function and services provided by the deep sea. Biogeosciences, 11(14), 3941-3963.
Armstrong, C. W., Foley, N. S., Tinch, R., & van den Hove, S. (2012). Services from the deep: Steps towards valuation of deep sea goods and services. Ecosystem Services, 2, 2-13.
Mengerink, K. J., Van Dover, C. L., Ardron, J., Baker, M., Escobar-Briones, E., Gjerde, K., ... & Sutton, T. (2014). A call for deep-ocean stewardship. Science, 344(6185), 696-698.

Deep seabed governance: the United Nations Convention on the Law of Sea (UNCLOS) and the International Seabed Authority (ISA)
Hanningan (2016): Chapter 2
Wolfrum, R. (2008). Legitimacy of international law and the exercise of administrative functions: the Example of the International Seabed Authority, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) and International Fisheries Organizations. German Law Journal, 8, 2039-2060. ONLY SECTION C, pp. 20145-2054.
Kim, B. M. (2014). Governance of the global commons: the deep seabed, the Antarctic, outer space. KIEP World Economy, 4(29).
Guntrip, E. (2003). The Common Heritage of Mankind: an adequate regime for managing the deep seabed. Melb. J. Int'l L., 4, 376.

Deep seabed governance: the mining regime
Jaeckel, A., Gjerde, K. M., and Ardron, J. A. (2017). Conserving the common heritage of humankind–Options for the deep-seabed mining regime. Marine Policy, 78, 150-157.
Boetius, A., & Haeckel, M. (2018). Mind the seafloor. Science, 359(6371), 34-36.

Claiming the commons: Sovereignty and the deep seabed
Hanningan (2016): Chapter 3
Werner, W., & Aalberts, T. (2016). Mastering the globe: Law, sovereignty and the commons of mankind. In The Politics of Globality since 1945 (pp. 89-105). Routledge [A not formatted version sis available here: https://s3.amazonaws.com/academia.edu.documents/38711813/Globality_-Mastering_the_Globe-_Aalberts_Werner_final.pdf?AWSAccessKeyId=AKIAIWOWYYGZ2Y53UL3A&Expires=1554202086&Signature=x2rNIgeJ23yfX3veUh4mCYP8xc0%3D&response-content-disposition=inline%3B%20filename%3DMastering_the_Globe_Law_Sovereignty_and.pdf]

Claiming the commons: the Arctic deep seabed
Borgerson, S. (2013). The coming Arctic boom: as the ice melts, the region heats up. Foreign Affairs, 92, 76.
Berkman, P. A., & Young, O. R. (2009). Governance and environmental change in the Arctic Ocean. Science, 324(5925), 339-340.
Rothwell, D. R. (2013, April). The Law of the Sea and Arctic Governance. In ASIL Annual Meeting Proceedings, 107, pp. 272-275. American Society for International Law.

Protecting the commons
Hanningan (2016): Chapter 4
The Economists, ‘The tragedy of the high seas’,
[https://www.economist.com/news/leaders/21596942-new-management-needed-planets-most-important-common-resource-tragedy-high]

Climate change and the future of the deep oceans
Hanningan (2016): Conclusions
McGee, J., Brent, K., & Burns, W. (2018). Geoengineering the oceans: an emerging frontier in international climate change governance. Australian Journal of Maritime & Ocean Affairs, 10(1), 67-80.
Elena dell’Agnese
Parte II - Political geography of the sea**
1. The political geography of the sea: a classical approach (maritime boundaries and Law of the Sea, transport and trade, strategy and warfare)

Glassner M.I., The new political geography of the sea, Political Geography Quarterly, 1986, pp. 6-8

A (critical) political geo-graphy of the sea? (thinking about the sea / representing the sea / exploiting the “geopolitical features” of the sea)

Steinberg, P.E. (1999) Navigating to Multiple Horizons: Toward a Geography of Ocean-Space, The Professional Geographer, 51, 3, pp. 366-375

2. Geo-graphy and the power of representation: The geo-graphy of the ocean sea / Dividing (and naming) the ocean sea

Steinberg, P.E. (1999), Lines of divison, lines of connection: Stewardship in the world ocean, Geographical Review 89, 2, pp. 254-264

The East sea/ Sea of Japan case study

Chi Sang-Hyun, One feature, two names and many issues: The political geographies of naming the sea between Korea and Japan, eastsea1994.org/data/bbsData/14912842071.pdf

3. The “political geography of the sea”: the territorialisation of the sea

Territorial claims and islands disputes (Dokdo-Takeshima)
Suk Kyoon Kim (2008), Understanding Maritime Disputes in Northeast Asia: Issues and Nature, Int'l J. Marine & Coastal L., pp. 213-247

4. Geographical definitions and island disputes (Sankeku-Diaoyu)
McCormack G. (2013), Much Ado over Small Islands: The Sino-Japanese Confrontation over Senkaku/Diaoyu, The Asia-Pacific Journal, 11, 21, pp. 1-20

climate change and vanishing islands/reefs (Okininotori: a shima, or a reef’?)
Yamamoto L., Esteban M. (2010), Vanishing Island States and sovereignty, Ocean & Coastal Management 53, pp. 1–9

5. A classical approach to the geopolitics of the sea: the myth of sea power (A.T. Mahan)
Sumida J. (1999): Alfred Thayer Mahan, geopolitician, Journal of Strategic Studies, 22, 2-3, 39-62
China as a maritime power and the South China Sea competition
Nohara J.J. (2017) Sea power as a dominant paradigm: the rise of China’s new strategic identity, Journal of Contemporary East Asia Studies, 6, 2, pp. 210-232

6. Sea power, sea nodes and islands as U.S. bases
The Hawai’i and Pearl Harbor, Midway and Wake, Guam
Vine D., (2015) Base Nation: How U.S. Military Bases Abroad Harm America and the World, Metropolitan Books, New York, Introduction, Capp. 1 and 2

7. Sea power, sea nodes and islands as overseas U.S. bases: bases of empire and lily pads
Guantanamo, Micronesia and Marshall Islands, Okinawa, Diego Garcia
Vine D., (2015) Base Nation: How U.S. Military Bases Abroad Harm America and the World, Metropolitan Books, New York, Cap 3.

8. LSMPAs (Large Scale Maritime Protected Areas): conservation or geopolitics?
Sand P.H. (2012), ‘Marine protected areas’ off UK overseas territories: comparing the South Orkneys Shelf and the Chagos Archipelago, The Geographical Journal, 178, 3, pp. 201–207

Leenhardt P., Cazalet B., Salvat B., Claudet J., Feral F. (2013). The rise of large-scale marine protected areas: Conservation or geopolitics? Ocean & Coastal Management, 85, pp. 112-118

9. Extra-territoriality and Cruise tourism as an example of globalization
Hall C.M., (2001), Trends in ocean and coastal tourism: the end of the last frontier? Ocean & Coastal Management, 44, pp. 601-618