The course aims to develop a comprehensive understanding of how human societies shape and are shaped by ecological systems across historical and contemporary contexts. It combines long‑term perspectives from global environmental history with analytical approaches from political ecology to examine socio‑ecological dynamics, territorial transformations, and environmental justice in past and present urban and non‑urban environments.
The course provides students with conceptual and methodological tools to interpret the reciprocal interactions between social, political, economic, and ecological processes over time. It enables students to analyze historical environmental transformations, contemporary urban socio‑ecological conflicts, and the governance structures that mediate power, resources, and justice in human–environment relations.

Knowledge and Understanding (Dublin Descriptor 1)
At the end of the course, the student understands:
• major historical trajectories of human–environment interactions at the global scale;
• to acquire advanced knowledge of political ecology, ecological economics, and environmental justice;
• socio‑ecological dynamics of ecological changes in the Anthropocene;
• to recognize key concepts such as valuation languages, governance, power, and justice.

Applied Knowledge and Understanding (Dublin Descriptor 2)
At the end of the course, the student will be able to:
• apply historical and political‑ecological frameworks to empirical case studies;
• use analytical tools to investigate interactions between social, political, and environmental processes;
• assess territorial consequences of environmental transformations across different periods;
• interpret socio‑ecological conflicts through concepts of power, resources, and governance.

Making Judgements (Dublin Descriptor 3)
At the end of the course, the student will be able to:
• critically evaluate historical and contemporary socio‑ecological problems;
• assess fairness, effectiveness, and implications of environmental policies and governance arrangements;
• judge valuation practices and their consequences for justice and territorial change;
• formulate independent, well‑reasoned evaluations of environmental transformations.

Communication Skills (Dublin Descriptor 4)
At the end of the course, the student will be able to:
• communicate complex historical and political‑ecological arguments clearly and coherently;
• present theoretical insights and empirical findings to specialist and non‑specialist audiences;
• use appropriate academic language and structure in oral and written communication;
• discuss environmental justice, governance, and socio‑ecological transformations effectively.

Learning Skills (Dublin Descriptor 5)
At the end of the course, the student will be able to:
• develop autonomy in studying environmental history, political ecology, and related fields;
• explore new case studies, debates, and methodological approaches independently;
• integrate insights from both historical and contemporary analyses;
• build long‑term learning strategies for continued study of socio‑ecological systems;
• consult international scientific literature, databases, and technical reports from research centers, local authorities, governments, and international organizations;
• work both in groups and independently, using the scientific method as a working tool.