The exam is single and includes questions concerning contents of both modules. It is a written exam with multiple-choice questions and open-ended questions, with optional oral exam conditional on passing the written test. Multiple-choice questions will assess the acquisition of knowledge and understanding of the fundamental concepts and contents of the course (evaluation criteria: correctness of answers). The open-ended questions and the optional oral exam will additionally focus on applied knowledge, critical thinking and reasoning skills, basic methodological competencies, and the ability to orally communicate the acquired knowledge (evaluation criteria: clarity of expression; use of appropriate subject-specific language; ability to make connections; basic capacity in research design). There are no mid-term exams.