Definitions of ecology (Haeckel, Krebs, Begon, Odum), Autoecology and synecology, Unitary organisms, Modular organisms, populations, metapopulation, Community, ecosystems, biomes, Biosphere, Biosphere 2, Ecological factors: abiotic and biotic, Ecological factors: condition and resource, Definition of limiting factor, Biological success in function of the ecological factor. Consumable and exhaustible resources: Essential resources, Perfectly replaceable resources, Complementary resources, Antagonistic resources, Acclimatization, lethargy, Hibernation, Strategies implemented by organisms to survive adverse events, cryptobiosis, diapause, migration, Biological forms of plants: fanerophytes, camephites, hemicriptophytes, geophytes, therophytes, Definition of ecological niche, Fundamental niche and realized niche, , Principle of exclusion of Gauss, Guild, Ecological equivalents, Ecological niche determined by both biotic and abiotic factors, Population dynamics, Method of capture and recapture of Peterson (estimation of population density), Populations Density, Births, Mortality, Predation, Symbiosis and mutualism, Saprophytes, Coprophagous, Parasitism, Succession (pioneer and late species), Primary and secondary succession, Climax (monoclimax and policlimax), Energy flows in ecosystems, Gross primary productivity and net primary productivity, Net productivity of the community, Secondary productivity, Ecological pyramids of number, biomass and energy, Reverse pyramids of number and biomass, Biogeochemical cycles, Carbon cycle, Phosphorus cycle, The phenomenon of eutrophication, Nitrogen cycle, Pollution and recovery, Biodiversity, Theory of insular biogeography, Immigration rate according to the number of resident species, Rate of extinction depending on the number of resident species, Experimental data supporting biogeographic theory, Parks like ecological islands, Conservation of nature, Management of animal and plant resources, Production Optimum (Maximum Sustainable Production), System of fixed quotas in the unit of time, Variable quote system, Withdrawal effort, Regulated escape, Climate, Solar radiation, motions of the planet, shape and structure of the earth's surface, Solar and thermal radiation, Maritime and altitudinal effect, Continental bioclimate and maritime bioclimate, Climogramma, biomes, Arctic tundra, Alpine tundra, Forests of conifers (taiga, mountain forests), Temperate forests, Prairies (steppe), Savana (biomass variation in relation to fire, animal biomass in relation to water availability), Deserts, Tropical rainforests, Gaia hypothesis of Lovelock. Recovery and management of environment, Antropocene: concept, implication, transdipliscinarity; Landscape and landscape ecology: concept, innovative role of landscape ecology, landscape monitoring, Ecosystem services and ecological economy, history of Ecology in Europe. Ecotourism.